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<div class="section" id="using-reticulum-on-your-system">
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<span id="using-main"></span><h1>Using Reticulum on Your System<a class="headerlink" href="#using-reticulum-on-your-system" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<p>Reticulum is not installed as a driver or kernel module, as one might expect
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of a networking stack. Instead, Reticulum is distributed as a Python module.
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This means that no special privileges are required to install or use it.
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Any program or application that uses Reticulum will automatically load and
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initialise Reticulum when it starts.</p>
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<p>In many cases, this approach is sufficient. When any program needs to use
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Reticulum, it is loaded, initialised, interfaces are brought up, and the
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program can now communicate over Reticulum. If another program starts up
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and also wants access to the same Reticulum network, the instance is simply
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shared. This works for any number of programs running concurrently, and is
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very easy to use, but depending on your use case, there are other options.</p>
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<div class="section" id="included-utility-programs">
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<h2>Included Utility Programs<a class="headerlink" href="#included-utility-programs" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>If you often use Reticulum from several different programs, or simply want
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Reticulum to stay available all the time, for example if you are hosting
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a transport node, you might want to run Reticulum as a separate service that
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other programs, applications and services can utilise.</p>
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<div class="section" id="the-rnsd-utility">
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<h3>The rnsd Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnsd-utility" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
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<p>To do so is very easy. Simply run the included <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> command. When <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code>
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is running, it will keep all configured interfaces open, handle transport if
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it is enabled, and allow any other programs to immediately utilise the
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Reticulum network it is configured for.</p>
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<p>You can even run multiple instances of rnsd with different configurations on
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the same system.</p>
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<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># Install Reticulum
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pip3 install rns
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# Run rnsd
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rnsd
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnsd [-h] [--config CONFIG] [-v] [-q] [--version]
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Reticulum Network Stack Daemon
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optional arguments:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
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-v, --verbose
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-q, --quiet
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--version show program's version number and exit
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>You can easily add <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> as an always-on service by <a class="reference internal" href="#using-systemd"><span class="std std-ref">configuring a service</span></a>.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="the-rnstatus-utility">
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<h3>The rnstatus Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnstatus-utility" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
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<p>Using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnstatus</span></code> utility, you can view the status of configured Reticulum
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interfaces, similar to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ifconfig</span></code> program.</p>
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<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># Run rnstatus
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rnstatus
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# Example output
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Shared Instance[37428]
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Status: Up
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Connected applications: 1
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RX: 1.13 KB
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TX: 1.07 KB
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UDPInterface[Default UDP Interface/0.0.0.0:4242]
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Status: Up
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RX: 1.01 KB
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TX: 1.01 KB
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TCPInterface[RNS Testnet Frankfurt/frankfurt.rns.unsigned.io:4965]
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Status: Up
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RX: 1.37 KB
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TX: 9.02 KB
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnsd [-h] [--config CONFIG] [-v] [-q] [--version]
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Reticulum Network Stack Daemon
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optional arguments:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
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-v, --verbose
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-q, --quiet
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--version show program's version number and exit
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="the-rnpath-utility">
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<h3>The rnpath Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnpath-utility" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
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<p>With the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnpath</span></code> utility, you can look up and view paths for
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destinations on the Reticulum network.</p>
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<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># Run rnpath
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rnpath eca6f4e4dc26ae329e61
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# Example output
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Path found, destination <eca6f4e4dc26ae329e61> is 4 hops away via <56b115c30cd386cad69c> on TCPInterface[Testnet/frankfurt.rns.unsigned.io:4965]
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnpath.py [-h] [--config CONFIG] [--version] [-v] [destination]
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Reticulum Path Discovery Utility
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positional arguments:
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destination hexadecimal hash of the destination
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optional arguments:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
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--version show program's version number and exit
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-v, --verbose
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="the-rnprobe-utility">
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<h3>The rnprobe Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnprobe-utility" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
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<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnprobe</span></code> utility lets you probe a destination for connectivity, similar
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to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ping</span></code> program. Please note that probes will only be answered if the
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specified destination is configured to send proofs for received packets. Many
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destinations will not have this option enabled, and will not be probable.</p>
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<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># Run rnprobe
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python3 -m RNS.Utilities.rnprobe example_utilities.echo.request 9382f334de63217a4278
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# Example output
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Sent 16 byte probe to <9382f334de63217a4278>
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Valid reply received from <9382f334de63217a4278>
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Round-trip time is 38.469 milliseconds over 2 hops
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnprobe.py [-h] [--config CONFIG] [--version] [-v] [full_name] [destination_hash]
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Reticulum Probe Utility
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positional arguments:
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full_name full destination name in dotted notation
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destination_hash hexadecimal hash of the destination
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optional arguments:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
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--version show program's version number and exit
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-v, --verbose
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="improving-system-configuration">
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<h2>Improving System Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#improving-system-configuration" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>If you are setting up a system for permanent use with Reticulum, there is a
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few system configuration changes that can make this easier to administrate.
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These changes will be detailed here.</p>
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<div class="section" id="fixed-serial-port-names">
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<h3>Fixed Serial Port Names<a class="headerlink" href="#fixed-serial-port-names" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
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<p>On a Reticulum node with several serial port based interfaces, it can be
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beneficial to use the fixed name device nodes for the serial ports, instead
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of the dynamically allocated shorthands such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/ttyUSB0</span></code>. Under most
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Debian-based distributions, including Ubuntu and Raspberry Pi OS, these nodes
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can be found under <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/serial/by-id</span></code>.</p>
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<p>You can use such a device path directly in place of the numbered shorthands.
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Here is an example of a packet radio TNC configured as such:</p>
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<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[Packet Radio KISS Interface]]
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type = KISSInterface
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interface_enabled = True
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outgoing = true
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port = /dev/serial/by-id/usb-FTDI_FT230X_Basic_UART_43891CKM-if00-port0
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speed = 115200
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databits = 8
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parity = none
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stopbits = 1
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preamble = 150
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txtail = 10
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persistence = 200
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slottime = 20
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Using this methodology avoids potential naming mix-ups where physical devices
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might be plugged and unplugged in different orders, or when node name
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assignment varies from one boot to another.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="reticulum-as-a-system-service">
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<span id="using-systemd"></span><h3>Reticulum as a System Service<a class="headerlink" href="#reticulum-as-a-system-service" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
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<p>Instead of starting Reticulum manually, you can install <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> as a system
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service and have it start automatically at boot.</p>
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<p>If you installed Reticulum with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code>, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> program will most likely
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be located in a user-local installation path only, which means <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">systemd</span></code> will not
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be able to execute it. In this case, you can simply symlink the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> program
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into a directory that is in systemd’s path:</p>
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<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo ln -s $(which rnsd) /usr/local/bin/
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>You can then create the service file <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/systemd/system/rnsd.service</span></code> with the
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following content:</p>
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<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[Unit]
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Description=Reticulum Network Stack Daemon
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After=network.target
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StartLimitIntervalSec=0
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[Service]
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Type=simple
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Restart=always
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RestartSec=3
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User=USERNAMEHERE
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ExecStart=rnsd --service
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Be sure to replace <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">USERNAMEHERE</span></code> with the user you want to run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> as.</p>
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<p>To manually start <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> run:</p>
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<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo systemctl start rnsd
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>If you want to automatically start <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> at boot, run:</p>
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<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo systemctl enable rnsd
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
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<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
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<h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Using Reticulum on Your System</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#included-utility-programs">Included Utility Programs</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnsd-utility">The rnsd Utility</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnstatus-utility">The rnstatus Utility</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnpath-utility">The rnpath Utility</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnprobe-utility">The rnprobe Utility</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#improving-system-configuration">Improving System Configuration</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#fixed-serial-port-names">Fixed Serial Port Names</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#reticulum-as-a-system-service">Reticulum as a System Service</a></li>
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<p class="topless"><a href="gettingstartedfast.html"
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title="previous chapter">Getting Started Fast</a></p>
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<h4>Next topic</h4>
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